Clearly, Shaul advocates the lifestyle that Gamliel, Shemaiah and Avtalyon also advocated, where a profession was combined with Torah study and its application. Shaul insists that even as their teacher, he and his entourage did not rely upon his students to support them. Instead, they carried out the dictum of Shemaiah and Avtalyon (and later of Rabban Gamliel ben Yehudah), to support themselves. As an example of a proper lifestyle, Shaul studied and taught the Torah while also working and earning